Abstract
Conventional towed streamer seismic acquisition has proven highlyeffective over the years for 3D subsurface imaging. However, in areas wherewater depths are too shallow or where there are too many obstacles for streameroperations, seabed seismic sensors have, in some cases, been employed as analternative to image the subsurface. Apart from seabed seismic acquisitionbeing extremely expensive compared to surface streamer, seabed seismic data areseverely affected by receiver ghosts generated by water column reverberation.We present an improved method of summing the pressure (hydrophone data) and verticalgeophone (geophone data) data to reduce the deleterious effects of ghosts andwater column reverberations in a seabed seismic data acquired at water depthsranging from 21.1m to 40.0m in the Niger Delta. The method is based on the separationof up and down-going wavefields from the geophone and hydrophone data, andprovides an efficient noise rejection and amplitude preservation in the summeddata.
Highlights
IntroductionSensor cables are laid on the seafloor while the shots are fired at some depths inside the water
In seafloor seismic acquisition, sensor cables are laid on the seafloor while the shots are fired at some depths inside the water
We present a dual sensor summation method which successfully separated the upand down-going wavefields in a 4-C dataset obtained from the Niger Delta shallow marine environment with average water depth of 30.6m, resulting in a dataset effectively suppressed of multiples and reverberations
Summary
Sensor cables are laid on the seafloor while the shots are fired at some depths inside the water. The 3-C geophone is oriented in such a way that one component, called the Z-component, records the vertical component of the elastic wavefield or acceleration, and the other two components record the horizontal X- and Y-components of the wavefield. In this arrangement, the 3-C geophone records the full 3-D ground motion. Compressional waves are detected primarily by both the hydrophone and Z-component geophone while S-waves are primarily detected by the X- and Y-component geophones This seafloor seismic acquisition is known as 4-C seismic acquisition, and has enabled geophysicists to gain more information about the subsurface than using vertical receivers only (Singh and Gautham, 1998)
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