An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption

Hamid Reza Farahzadi,Mostafa Langarizadeh,Mohammad Mirhosseini,Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda

doi:10.1007/s11276-020-02485-y

Abstract

Wireless sensor network has special features and many applications, which have attracted attention of many scientists. High energy consumption of these networks, as a drawback, can be reduced by a hierarchical routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols. To reduce energy consumption and provide a more appropriate coverage, the network was divided into several regions and clusters were formed within each region. In selecting the cluster head (CH) in each round, the amount of residual energy and the distance from the center of each node were calculated by the base station (including the location and residual energy of each node) for all living nodes in each region. In this regard, the node with the largest value had the highest priority to be selected as the CH in each network region. The base station calculates the CH due to the lack of energy constraints and is also responsible for informing it throughout the network, which reduces the load consumption and tasks of nodes in the network. The information transfer steps in this protocol are similar to the LEACH protocol stages. To better evaluate the results, the proposed method was implemented with LEACH LEACH-SWDN, and Q-LEACH protocols using MATLAB software. The results showed better performance of the proposed method in network lifetime, first node death time, and the last node death time.

Highlights

The wireless sensor network (WSN) contains a number of sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting small-scale information
The proposed algorithm, developed from Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols, introduces a new threshold formula in which cluster head (CH) is selected based on the residual energy of the node and distance criteria
The number of active nodes in each round was used for the number of in each region, which caused unstable number of CHs and was calculated based on the number of active nodes

Summary

Introduction

The wireless sensor network (WSN) contains a number of sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting small-scale information. These networks collect data and information from the environment, process them, and send them to the base station. In other words, these networks perform two important tasks of collecting data from the environment and transmitting the information. Smaller battery causes early energy drain and loss of sensor node, which affects the function and application of WSN. In LEACH, nodes are based on the threshold formula and randomly selected as the CH. The LEACH reduces CH energy consumption by decreasing rotation in the CH selection process among nodes. The CH is responsible for collecting data from its member nodes under the specified schedule, processing and compressing data, as well as transmitting the data into the BS

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Conclusion