Abstract
The increase in demand for clean, safe, and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources faces several challenges such as system design and reliable operations. DC microgrid (MG) is a promising system due to higher efficiency and natural interface to renewable sources. In the hierarchical control of DC Microgrid, the V-I droop control is deployed usually in primary control level for common load sharing between converters. However, conventional droop control causes improper current sharing, voltage variations, and circulating current regulation due to the presence of droop and line resistance between converters. The aim of this paper is to presents the primary control level design of buck converters in current mode control according to the concepts of time constant and time delay, and secondary control design for parallel operations in distributed manners by combining methods, namely, low bandwidth communication (LBC), circulating current minimization techniques, and average voltage/current control. Moreover, different time delays are used for two converters to testify the effects of communication delays on current sharing and voltage restoration. The simulation is done for 2 × 2.5 KWdc parallel buck converters in PLECS (a Simulation software used for high speed simulation for power electronics) environment which shows excellent results in minimizing circulation currents, enhancing proportional current sharing, and restoring the grid voltage.
Highlights
The blackouts, usual shutdown of centralized grids, CO2 emission, damage to the Ozone layer, dependency on biomass fuel and its increasing price, global warming, etc. brought the concept of a safe, renewable, environmental friendly, clean and green energy source to the fore
This paper presents a combined way to design distributed secondary controllers for buck modeling for the buck converter, issues in parallel connecting converters for load sharing and converters in DC Microgrid using low communication, average control
The theory of time constant and damping time constant is utilized in primary control design
Summary
The blackouts, usual shutdown of centralized grids, CO2 emission, damage to the Ozone layer, dependency on biomass fuel and its increasing price, global warming, etc. brought the concept of a safe, renewable, environmental friendly, clean and green energy source to the fore. Has increased dramatically due to a lot of advantages such as low dependency on biomass, decrease in CO2 emission, fuel prices, and unusual shutdown of centralized grids. The concept of these green energies brought the idea of a Microgrid (MG) which is unique, diverse, controllable, interactive, as well as independent. The concept of the Microgrid was presented by CERTS of USA in their whitepaper which further provides the information. Microgrid was presented by CERTS of USA in their whitepaper which further provides of the information of Distributed energy resources (DERs) within a Microgrid [1].
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