Abstract
We present an energy-efficient reception and transmission scheme based on the exploitation of the conductive properties of the body for wireless neural interface applications. High efficiencies were achieved with: 1) a three-level clock-embedded direct digital signaling scheme in the transmitter (TX) and 2) with a squaring clock extraction enabling data recovery scheme using a clocked-comparator in the receiver (RX). Additionally, the output voltage of the TX was boosted to secure the link budget of the RX. As a result, the RX and TX consumed 62 and 566 $\mu \text{W}$ , respectively, for a rated output power of 185 $\mu \text{W}$ and achieved a maximum data rate of 16.7 Mb/s. These operational characteristics corresponded to the energy consumptions of 3.7 pJ per received bit and 34 pJ per transmitted bit, demonstrating a promising potential for use in implanted devices.
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