Abstract
When refining steel by blowing powders, the ladle lining material plays a serious role. The dependency graphs of the degree of desulfurization on the consumption of silicocalcium powder during blowing in ladles lined with various materials have been presented. It has been noted that the amount of FeO in the slag seriously affects the average degree of desulfurization. With a large amount of FeO in the slag, the degree of resulfurization is greatly increased. The placement plan of the unit for refining the liquid steel in the ladle has been illustrated. Simultaneously, for powder blowing, a device diagram of the ladle furnace fitted with equipment for blowing liquid steel with powders has been presented. In this equipment, powder lining can be used and steel blowing with silicocalcium based powders can be carried out. The degree of desulfurization is also seriously affected by the initial amount of sulfur in the metal charge for steelmaking The presence of a roof in the pouring ladles improves the conditions for metal blowing, oxidation and metal loss are reduced. It has been observed that the process of refining liquid steel in a ladle is complex and depends on many factors. The amount of sulfur in the primary metal charge, the lining of the ladle, the composition of the powder of the blown material and the technological parameters of the blowing are important. The complete desulfurization of steel by blowing with powders primarily depends on the initial amount of sulfur in the metal. It has been found that there is a linear dependence of the final sulfur content on its initial content in steel when metal is blown in a ladle with a mixture of 70 % MgO, 20 % CaO, and 10 % CaF 2 . The desulfurization of steel by blowing with powders, especially by blowing magnesium and calcium alloys, can be significantly affected by ladle lining
Highlights
Intensive introduction of various methods of secondary steelmaking provides a guaranteed production of liquid steel with a minimum content of undesirable impurities
We have found that injection of powders is accompanied by metal cooling in the ladle which depends on the blowing time, the flow rates of the powders and the transported gas, the type and capacity of the ladle, the used tuyer and its immersion depth
We have found out (Fig. 5), ceteris paribus, there is a linear dependence of the final sulfur content on its initial content in steel when the metal is injected in the ladle with a mixture of 70 % MgO, 20 % Calcium oxide (CaO) and 10 % CaF2
Summary
Intensive introduction of various methods of secondary steelmaking provides a guaranteed production of liquid steel with a minimum content of undesirable impurities The implementation of these methods requires the use of the necessary equipment (vacuum chamber, powder injection devices, introducing special wire, metal purging and its mixing, steel heating during its processing, etc) and highquality refractories. The most effective way to reduce losses on the way from the steelmaking device to the production of applicable rolled products is transition from casting into molds to the use of continuous casting machines In this respect, a reduction in metal overspending due to insufficiently high quality, as well as a reduction in metal consumption owing to ordinary alloyed steel (with minimum alloying losses) is ensured by the widespread introduction of ladle refining method. The concentration of harmful impurities in the metal, composition and temperature fluctuations, as well as the consumption of deoxidizers and alloying additives decrease.
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