Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been classified as a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is sufficient to activate an adaptive immune response. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the ability of ICD to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment through the emission of danger signals or DAMPs, which may contribute to the immunotherapy. Currently, identification of ICD-associated biomarkers that stratify patients according to their benefit from ICD immunotherapy would be of great advantage. Here, we identified two ICD-associated subtypes by consensus clustering. ICD-high subtype was associated with the favorable clinical outcomes, abundant immune cell infiltration, and high activity of immune response signaling. Besides, we established and validated an ICD-related prognostic model that predicted the survival of HNSCC and was associated with tumor immune microenvironment. In conclusion, we established a new classification system of HNSCC based on ICD signatures. This stratification had significant clinical outcomes for estimating prognosis, as well as the immunotherapy of HNSCC patients
Highlights
Immunogenic cell death has been identified as a type of regulated cell death (RCD) that is enough to trigger an adaptive immune response [1, 2]
As the Immunogenic cell death (ICD) high subtype presented with favorable clinical outcomes and the ICD low subtype presented with the dismal prognosis, we identified the key Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and signal pathway in each subtype in order to comprehend the molecular mechanism in modulation of prognosis
The notion of immunogenic cell death was described as the unique type of regulated cell death, able to trigger full antigenspecific adaptive immunological responses by emitting danger signals or Damageassociated molecular patterns (DAMPs) [1, 3, 14]
Summary
Immunogenic cell death has been identified as a type of regulated cell death (RCD) that is enough to trigger an adaptive immune response [1, 2]. Numerous comprehensive research investigations have been conducted in the past few years to explore the notion of immunogenic cell death. Damageassociated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including released high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), secreted ATP, and surface-exposed calreticulin (CRT) are primarily responsible for ICD’s immunogenic properties [3]. The concept of cancer immunotherapy is to harness the immune system in triggering an antitumor immune response. The capacity of ICD to trigger certain anticancer immune responses has been strongly emphasized by growing research [4].
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