Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) string exhibits complex multiple-peak characteristics under various partial shading conditions (PSC). If the maximum power point tracking cannot be achieved quickly and accurately, it will lead to a large amount of energy loss. Therefore, it has become a hot topic to study a reliable maximum power tracking control algorithm to ensure the PV system can still output maximum power under PSC. This paper proposes an immune firefly algorithm (IFA), which utilizes vaccine data-base to shorten the convergence time, eliminates the influence of bad individuals in time by immune replenishment operation, and reduces the steady-state oscillation by the improving iteration formula. The simulations in static and dynamic environments verify that the immune firefly algorithm can track the maximum power point under various partial shading conditions. Compared with conventional firefly algorithm (FA), IFA has faster convergence speed, and can effectively restrain the oscillation of voltage and power.
Highlights
The photovoltaic cells in PV array operate at the same temperature and solar irradiance.In this case, the P–V curve of the PV array exhibits a single peak characteristic; the maximum power point tracking can be realized by conventional maximum power point tracking methods such as perturb-and-observe (P&O) [1,2], hill climbing (HC) [3], and incremental conductance [4]
The P–V curve of the PV array exhibits a single peak characteristic; the maximum power point tracking can be realized by conventional maximum power point tracking methods such as perturb-and-observe (P&O) [1,2], hill climbing (HC) [3], and incremental conductance [4]
Sundareswaran et al [30] implemented the firefly algorithm (FA) algorithm of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under partial shading conditions (PSC), and the results showed that the algorithm has better performance than particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and P&O
Summary
The photovoltaic cells in PV array operate at the same temperature and solar irradiance. Bypass diodes are used to conduct the current generated by the unshaded cells within a module This will bring another problem, that is, the P–V curve of the PV array may exhibit a multiple-peak characteristic under PSC [5]. Under this circumstance, the conventional maximum power point tracking methods need a lot of time to locate the maximum power point, which leads to a large amount of energy loss. The third group is the improved MPPT methods based on conventional algorithms These methods utilize the distinctive characteristics of photovoltaic systems under PSC to track MPP and can be implemented.
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