Abstract
As robots become more advanced and capable, developing trust is an important factor of human-robot interaction and cooperation. However, as multiple environmental and social factors can influence trust, it is important to develop more elaborate scenarios and methods to measure human-robot trust. A widely used measurement of trust in social science is the investment game. In this study, we propose a scaled-up, immersive, science fiction Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenario for intrinsic motivation on human-robot collaboration, built upon the investment game and aimed at adapting the investment game for human-robot trust. For this purpose, we utilize two Neuro-Inspired COmpanion (NICO) - robots and a projected scenery. We investigate the applicability of our space mission experiment design to measure trust and the impact of non-verbal communication. We observe a correlation of 0.43 () between self-assessed trust and trust measured from the game, and a positive impact of non-verbal communication on trust () and robot perception for anthropomorphism () and animacy (). We conclude that our scenario is an appropriate method to measure trust in human-robot interaction and also to study how non-verbal communication influences a human’s trust in robots.
Highlights
As robot capabilities become more and more sophisticated, we want them to solve increasingly complex tasks independently but aid humans in their day-to-day life
The study was conducted over two consecutive weeks at the end of February 2020 on the campus of the computer science department of Universität Hamburg. It was advertised via flyers and word of mouth to people with at least some experience and familiarity with computers and robots, who are comfortable with participating in a science fiction game and could understand and speak English fairly well
We cannot confirm a significant relationship between perceived anthropomorphism and robotic performance like Powers and Kiesler (2006) did, similar to Broadbent et al (2013) we find a moderate relationship between perceived anthropomorphism and affective trust (r 0.2, p 0.057)
Summary
As robot capabilities become more and more sophisticated, we want them to solve increasingly complex tasks independently but aid humans in their day-to-day life. As soon as humans and robots autonomously work in a team on collaborative tasks, trust becomes essential for effective humanrobot interaction (Casper and Murphy, 2003) This shows the need for a deeper understanding of what makes us willing to cooperate with robots and which factors enhance or destroy trust during interactions. With scaling up we allude to the progression toward a human-like interaction: a realistic cooperative scenario as opposed to an Immersive Investment Game for HRI account for over 60% of the meaning in communication for human interactions (Saunderson and Nejat, 2019), as they allow us to communicate mental states such as thoughts and feelings (Ambady and Weisbuch, 2010). They are thought to play an important role in human-robot interaction, as the implicit, robotic, non-verbal communication improves the efficiency and transparency of the interaction, leading to a better cooperation between human subjects and robots (Breazeal et al, 2005)
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