An IL-15 adjuvant enhances the efficacy of a combined DNA vaccine against Brucella by increasing the CD8 + cytotoxic T cell response

Abstract

We investigated whether a combined DNA vaccine delivered together with the IL-15 gene (DNA- IL-15(+)) enhanced the immune response against Brucella abortus in mice. Mice vaccinated with DNA-IL-15(+) developed a robust humoral response; Brucella-specific antibodies exhibited a dominance of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) over IgG1. Splenocytes from DNA-IL-15(+)-vaccinated mice induced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ ( P < 0.01) and CD8 + T cell response ( P < 0.01), suggesting induction of a T-helper-1-dominated immune response. In a specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity assay, DNA-IL-15(+) immunization elicited mainly CD8 + T cells, which mediate cytotoxicity, but also CD4 + T cells. In vivo depletion of T cell subsets showed that the DNA-IL-15(+)-induced protection against Brucella infection is mediated predominantly by CD8 + T cells, although CD4 + T cells also contribute. These data indicate that plasmid-delivered IL-15 increases the efficacy of the Brucella DNA vaccine.