Abstract
In this paper a three dimensional ice material model is developed, with several key factors affecting ice behavior are considered. This material model is based on viscoelastic theory, comprising elastic, delayed elastic and viscous components. Strain rate effect on the ice behavior is embedded in the viscous term, and the time dependent characteristic is reflected by the delayed elastic term. The viscous term is based on the improvement of Glen’s law, which is originally related to temperature variation. The pressure hardening and pressure softening phenomena are included through improving this relation. This model also takes into account the sensitivity of porosity induced mainly by air bubbles and brine volume. The proposed ice material model is programed by Fortran and implemented in LS-Dyna. The accuracy of the proposed ice material model is verified through simulations of tri-axial and uniaxial compressive experiments, comparing the predicted ice strength with experimental results.
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