Abstract
Smart cities are complex, socio-technological systems built as a strongly connected System of Systems, whose functioning is driven by human–machine interactions and whose ultimate goals are the well-being of their inhabitants. Consequently, controlling a smart city is an objective that may be achieved by using a specific framework that integrates algorithmic control, intelligent control, cognitive control and especially human reasoning and communication. Among the many functions of a smart city, intelligent transportation is one of the most important, with specific restrictions and a high level of dynamics. This paper focuses on the application of a neuro-inspired control framework for urban traffic as a component of a complex system. It is a proof of concept for a systemic integrative approach to the global problem of smart city management and integrates a previously designed urban traffic control architecture (for the city of Bucharest) with the actual purpose of ensuring its proactivity by means of traffic flow prediction. Analyses of requirements and methods for prediction are performed in order to determine the best way for fulfilling the perception function of the architecture with respect to the traffic control problem definition. A parametric method and an AI-based method are discussed in order to predict the traffic flow, both in the short and long term, based on real data. A brief comparative analysis of the prediction performances is also presented.
Highlights
IntroductionSmart cities represent one of the major challenges addressed to systems engineering from the perspective of the complexity and diversity of control objectives for the constituent (sub)systems.They may be seen as a system of systems because many of their functions (heating, illumination, transportation, communication, health) are performed by dedicated technological systems that are strongly interconnected (water networks, gas networks, electricity grids [1], power systems) and which may and should be reconfigured in order to ensure the proper global functioning
Smart cities represent one of the major challenges addressed to systems engineering from the perspective of the complexity and diversity of control objectives for the constituentsystems.They may be seen as a system of systems because many of their functions are performed by dedicated technological systems that are strongly interconnected and which may and should be reconfigured in order to ensure the proper global functioning
In [5], the smart cities focus on the people prior to adopting modern information communication and technology (ICT) (artificial intelligence (AI), big data and the Internet of things (IoT))
Summary
Smart cities represent one of the major challenges addressed to systems engineering from the perspective of the complexity and diversity of control objectives for the constituent (sub)systems.They may be seen as a system of systems because many of their functions (heating, illumination, transportation, communication, health) are performed by dedicated technological systems that are strongly interconnected (water networks, gas networks, electricity grids [1], power systems) and which may and should be reconfigured in order to ensure the proper global functioning. The impact of malfunctioning of a local subsystem component may affect the functioning of the whole through a decision chain that involves technological systems but especially human reasoning. This is because smart cities are naturally human-oriented [2]; they are built for human well-being, offering support for a wide range of applications or services [3] that aim to enhance people’s quality of life [4]. Human to Sensors 2020, 20, 7209; doi:10.3390/s20247209 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
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