Abstract
Human detection is important in many applications and has attracted significant attention over the last decade. The Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) as effective local descriptors are used with binary sliding window mechanism to achieve good detection performance. However, the computation of HOG under such framework is about billion times and the pure software implementation for HOG computation is hard to meet the real-time requirement. This study proposes a hardware architecture called One-HOG accelerator operated on FPGA of Xilinx Spartan-6 LX-150T that provides an efficient way to compute HOG such that an embedded real-time platform of HW/SW co-design for application to crowd estimation and analysis is achieved. The One-HOG accelerator mainly consists of gradient module and histogram module. The gradient module is for computing gradient magnitude and orientation; histogram module is for generating a 36-D HOG feature vector. In addition to hardware realization, a new method called Histograms-of-Oriented-Gradients AdaBoost Long-Feature-Vector (HOG-AdaBoost-LFV) human classifier is proposed to significantly decrease the number of times to compute the HOG without sacrificing detection performance. The experiment results from three static image and four video datasets demonstrate that the proposed SW/HW (software/hardware) co-design system is 13.14 times faster than the pure software computation of Dalal algorithm.
Highlights
Over the last decade, academic research on human detection systems has attracted significant attention in many applications, such as intelligent surveillance system (ISS) and intelligent transportation systems (ITS)
This study proposes a hardware architecture called One-Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) accelerator operated on FPGA of Xilinx Spartan-6 LX-150T that provides an efficient way to compute HOG such that an embedded real-time platform of HW/SW co-design for application to crowd estimation and analysis is achieved
These three datasets are widely used in the human detection literature for performance validation
Summary
Academic research on human detection systems has attracted significant attention in many applications, such as intelligent surveillance system (ISS) and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The appearance inside the ROI window is described in terms of HOG that are further used for determining the presence of the pedestrian This kind of approaches has high detection accuracy, but it has high computation burden. The studies on accelerating the HOG computing speed with hardware can be generally divided into two categories including the FPGA emulations and the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementations. Both of them rely on sophisticated platform of HW/SW co-design [9] [10] [11] to fulfil an embedded real-time application to crown density estimation and analysis presented in this paper
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