Abstract
The current study aims to present the physical perception of a meta-surface energy harvester’s (MEH’s) design based on space-time physics of a traveling wave. Regarding the relation between the wave-velocity and field-impedance, the balance condition in Huygens’s meta-atoms is provided. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that MEH behaves as a transformer at far-field. It was observed that the location of the metallic-via is mimicked by the number of loop coils in the secondary of the transformer in the unit-cell. In addition, the impedance matching between the wave impedance in a lossless medium and MEH’s load was to be tuned by adjusting the size parameters of the unit-cell at a desired resonance frequency. For this purpose, the present study developed a simple design framework to achieve the resonance frequency at a more optimum pace based on surrogate modeling. The theoretical analyses are validated by the results of full-wave and circuit simulations. Finally, a recently developed flexible MEH was further extended to a multi-polarization structure using more compact cells. The fabricated flexible MEH has 10 × 10 number of deep subwavelength thick cells (≈0.004λ0), while traditional MEH was basically designed only to fit on the planar surface. The new design paves the way for the multi-polarized MEH to wrap around the cylindrical surface as a 2D-isotropic MEH. The results of the data analyses show that the simulation and experimental results enjoy an acceptable agreement.
Highlights
Internet of things (IoT) has been shown to be quite an interesting subject in different communities of researchers, yet its functions, capabilities, and potentials are to be investigated further
The current study aims to present the physical perception of a meta-surface energy harvester’s (MEH’s) design based on space-time physics of a traveling wave
A deep analysis of the MEH is rendered based on the relationship between the wave velocity and field impedance
Summary
Internet of things (IoT) has been shown to be quite an interesting subject in different communities of researchers, yet its functions, capabilities, and potentials are to be investigated further. It is known that impedance matching can be used as the criterion for controlling the level of wave propagation between the two different EM-media with a maximum power transmission.[7,10,11,12,13] This can be modeled by changing the field impedance on the two media defined as the intensity ratio of the electric to magnetic field.[12,14] Lately, a new impedance transformer has been modeled based on bianisotropic Huygens’s meta-surfaces.[13] this transformer has been restricted to the impedance matching between two dielectric media with different relative permittivities (see Fig. 1 in Ref. 13), which cannot match the lump-ports. Despite the fact that the thickness of the MEH was ∼0.004 times of resonance wavelength, the proposed MEH was properly matched by the communication device (50 Ω) and by the free-space wave impedance (Z0 = 120π Ω).[21] This preliminary work[21] was sensitive to polarization, which limited the potential applications of energy harvesting. The researchers aim to present a systematic approach to design an MEH based on the scientific underpinnings of meta-surface’s physics to bridge the knowledge gap between
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