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Abstract
FL83B mouse hepatocytes were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to induce insulin resistance to investigate the effect of a wax apple aqueous extract (WAE) in insulin-resistant mouse hepatocytes. The uptake of 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2 NBDG), a fluorescent D-glucose derivative, was performed, and the metabolism of carbohydrates was evaluated by examining the expression of glycogenesis or glycolysis-related proteins in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. The results show that WAE significantly improves the uptake of glucose and enhances glycogen content in insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes. The results from Western blot analysis also reveal that WAE increases the expression of glycogen synthase (GS), hexokinase (HXK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and aldolase in TNF-α treated cells, indicating that WAE may ameliorate glucose metabolism by promoting glycogen synthesis and the glycolysis pathways in insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder whose incidence is rapidly increasing
There was a 133.3% increment in glycogen in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated insulin-resistant cells that were treated with wax apple aqueous extract (WAE), as well as insulin (0.63 ± 0.55 μg/mg protein), as compared with the cells treated with TNF-α, as well as insulin (0.27 ±0.01 μg/mg protein) (Figure 2)
The results from this study show that WAE increased the expression of PFK in insulin-resistant FL83B (Figure 4C), suggesting that WAE may provide a similar effect to aspirin in DM patients
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder whose incidence is rapidly increasing. This chronic disease is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action [1]. Type 2 DM is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for more than 90% of cases. Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of Type 2 DM [2]. The liver is an insulin-sensitive organ that regulates energy homeostasis. Liver cells have been used in an in vitro model to evaluate and screen antihyperglycemic agents from food ingredients [2]. In vitro hepatocytes retain the enzyme activities characteristic of the intact in vivo liver [3]; they may provide a suitable model for examining liver function
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