An extracellular fungal polysaccharide composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d-glucuronic acid residues

Abstract

The black yeast-like fungus NRRL YB-4163, now tentatively identified as Rhinocladiella elatior Mangenot, has been found to produce an extracellular microbial polysaccharide composed mainly of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d-glucuronic acid residues. Polysaccharide (PS) YB-4163, when isolated in good yield as the neutral potassium salt, dissolves readily in water to produce extremely viscous solutions, which form stable foams and emulsions. By depolymerizing PS YB-4163 with [ 14C]methanol—HCl, the polysaccharide can be both identified and quantitated radiochemically by determining the individual [ 14C]methyl glycosides after their separation by paper chromatography. When the methyl glycosides of PS YB-4163 were reduced with NaB 3H 4, only the methyl glycosides of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d-[6- 3H]glucose were found. Analysis of the monosaccharide released from carboxyl-reduced PS YB-4163 by acid hydrolysis or methanolysis also showed 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d-glucuronic acid to be the main constituent. Previously, the only polysaccharides known to be composed entirely or hexosaminuronic acid have been cellular products from pathogens. Of these, the antigenic polysaccharide (SPSA) from Staphylococcus aureus is composed entirely of 2-amino-2-deoxy- d-glucuronic acid, but its amino groups are substituted equally with acetyl and N-acetylalanyl groups. The specific optical rotation of PS YB-4163, ▪ 75° ( c 0.5, water), is similar to that of SPSA (−91°), and suggests β- d-linkages that must be either (1→3) or (1→4).