An extensive investigation on nucleation, growth parameters, crystalline perfection, spectroscopy, thermal, optical, microhardness, dielectric and SHG studies on potential NLO crystal – Ammonium Hydrogen l-tartarte

Abstract

Ammonium Hydrogen l-tartarte (AMT), an organic nonlinear optical crystal was grown by slow evaporation method at ambient temperature. Solubility, metastable zone width and induction period of Ammonium Hydrogen l-tartarte in aqueous solution were determined. Good quality crystals were selected and characterized by Single crystal XRD, HR-XRD, FT-IR, 1H NMR, Mass, TGA-DTA, SEM, EDAX, optical and NLO studies. Single crystal XRD analysis revealed that the crystal system belongs to orthorhombic with cell parameters a=7.65Å, b=7.85Å and c=11.07Å. High-resolution-X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) analysis was carried out to study the crystalline perfection of the grown crystal. 1H NMR and FTIR spectrum thus confirmed the presence of functional groups of the grown crystal. Molecular mass of AMT was measured accurately by mass spectroscopic analysis. Surface features of the grown crystal were analyzed by SEM, AFM, chemical etching and the presence of elements in the compound was identified by EDAX analysis. Thermal behavior of the grown crystal has been studied by TG/DTA analysis. The recorded UV–Vis-NIR spectrum shows excellent transmission in the region of 190–1100nm. The Vickers and Knoop’s microhardness studies have been carried out on AMT crystals over a range of 10–50g. Hardness anisotropy has been observed in accordance with the orientation of the crystal. Fluorescence spectral studies were carried in the range of 280–500nm for the grown crystal. The SHG conversion efficiency and laser damage threshold were measured using an Nd: YAG laser (1064nm).