An Extended Cross Layer Approach Handling Asymmetry with Quality of Service, Congestion Avoidance and Congestion Aware Routing

Abstract

Nodes in wireless multi-hop networks establish links with their neighbors that are used for data transmission. In Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) working in an ad hoc model, a transmission region of mesh routers and mesh clients is heterogeneous which cause link asymmetry. The cross-layer framework was developed to handle link asymmetry problems such as unidirectional link issue, heterogeneous exposed problem and heterogeneous hidden problem. Additionally, congestion control and quality of service (QoS) requirements are required to enhance the performance of network. Hence, in this paper, the Cross Layer approach Handling Link Asymmetry (CHLA) is extended as quality-of-service aware routing (CHLA-QSAR) and quality-of-service with congestion control aware routing (CHLA-QSCCAR). QoS requirements are achieved by Signal strength estimation, network capacity estimation, MAC scheduling, Link Scheduling and Slot assignment. Congestion is controlled by a proposed bandwidth management mechanism by congestion window management dependent on the dynamic incidents of traffic conditions. Moreover, congestion avoidance mechanism is also proposed with Quality of Service with Congestion aware routing (QSCACAR). The simulation is conducted for CHLA, CHLA-QSAR, and CHLA-QSCCAR and CHLA-QSCACAR methods in terms of bit error rate, end to end delay, latency, routing overheads and throughput. The simulation results proved that each proposed work is consecutively improving the performance than CHLA.