Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that high protein diets improve glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. This exploratory study aims to screen and compare the acute effects of dietary proteins from different sources on intestinal glucose absorption. Six dietary proteins from various sources were thus selected and digested thanks to the INFOGEST static gastrointestinal digestion protocol. The digested proteins were able to decrease intestinal glucose absorption in vitro and ex vivo. Moreover, acute ingestion of casein and fish gelatin led to improved glucose tolerance in Wistar rats without significant effect on insulin secretion. In parallel, GLUT2 mRNA expression in enterocytes was decreased following short-term incubation with some of the digested proteins. These results strengthen the evidence that digested protein-derived peptides and amino acids are key regulators of glucose homeostasis and highlight their role in intestinal glucose absorption.
Highlights
According to UN figures, the world population is expected to reach 9.5 billion in 2050, corresponding to an increase of almost 30% in 50 years (United Nations, 2019 Revision of World Population Prospects)
Differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells on transwells were pre-incubated for 40 min with the different digested proteins before being apically exposed to an SGLT1-specific glucose analog (AMG) to evaluate enterocyte glucose uptake
We have demonstrated, using Caco2/TC7 cells differentiated on transwells, that in vitro digested dietary proteins, coming from different sources, could acutely decrease intestinal glucose uptake at the apical membrane of human enterocytes
Summary
According to UN figures, the world population is expected to reach 9.5 billion in 2050, corresponding to an increase of almost 30% in 50 years (United Nations, 2019 Revision of World Population Prospects). This growth implies an increased demand for food, for proteins, due to socio-economic changes such as rising incomes, increased urbanization, and recognizing the role of proteins in a healthy diet [1]. Metformin is generally the first medication prescribed to people with T2DM since it helps to lower blood glucose levels by reducing hepatic glucose production and release. T2DM can be treated by other antidiabetic drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) inhibitors, which extend the half-life of the native incretins, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
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