An Explorative Study on the Meaning and Judgment of Self-Determination Rights : Centered on Adult Guardianship System

Abstract

본 연구는 클라이언트의 자기결정권 의미와 판단기준을 알아보기 위한 탐색연구이다. 자기결정권 판단기준 분석틀로는 ‘자기결정’ 이론에서 도출한 의미와 ‘권리’구조를 복합하여 자기결정권의 주체, 행사, 승인, 환경을 판단기준으로 제시하였다. 네 가지 판단기준에 따라 사회복지정책 중 대표적으로 자기결정권을 강조하고 있는 성년후견제도가 실질적으로 자기결정권을 보장하고 있는지를 고찰하였다. 연구 결과 성년후견제도는 자기결정권 보장에 있어 주체의 다양화, 불명확으로 인해 자기결정권 침해의 소지가 다분하고, 주체의 제약이 자기결정권 행사를 제한하며, 공동체 속에서 자기결정권을 행사하고 제한하는 자기결정권 승인이 적절한 기능을 발휘하지 못하는 구조를 가지고 있었다. 또한 자기결정권 환경에서는 형식적으로 미시적․ 거시적 체제를 갖추고는 있으나 내용적 보완이 필요하고, 추가적인 제도적 뒷받침이 병행되어야 한다. 이에 성년후견제도가 실효성 있는 클라이언트의 자기결정권 보장을 위해서는 판단기준에 근거한 논의를 중심으로 제도 보완이 있어야 함을 시사하였다.This study is an exploratory study to understand the meaning and criteria of a client s right to self-determination. The self-determination assessment criteria analysis framework presented the principal, event, approval, and environment of self-determination rights as the basis for judgment by combining the  rights  structure derived from the  self-determination  theory. According to the four criteria, we examined whether the adult-guardianship, which emphasizes the right to self-determination in social welfare policies, actually guarantees the right to self-determination. As a result, the adult guardianship system has a lot of infringement of self-determination right due to subjects diversification and uncertainty in the guarantee of self-determination right. Also subject constraints restrict the exercise of self-determination, self-determination approval, which exercised and limited self-determination in the community, had a structure that did not function properly. Moreover, in the self-determination environment, although it has formal micro and macro system, it needs to supplement the contents and institutional support should be combined. This suggests that the adult guardianship system should be supplemented by discussions based on judgment criteria in order to guarantee the right of self-determination of effective clients.