Abstract
Motivation plays a key role in the physical-sports field, in the control of disruptive states and in the mental image that people have of themselves. In view of the above, the present study reflects the objectives of identifying and establishing the relationship between sport motivation, anxiety, physical self-concept and social self-concept, broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of sport motivation and its relationship with anxiety and social and physical self-concept and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis according to sex. To this end, a quantitative, non-experimental (ex post facto), comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 556 students (23.06 ± 6.23). The instruments used were an ad hoc questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Self-Concept Form-5. The results show that the male sex orients sport motivation towards climate, obtaining higher levels of anxiety, however, the female sex, anxiety has a negative impact on the development of social self-concept. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that gender is a fundamental factor in the orientation of sport practice, as well as the development of anxiety and physical and social self-concept.
Highlights
Motivation is one of the most studied psychological aspects to explain different human behaviours
Looking at the results of the correlational analysis, (Table 1) focusing on cooperative learning (CL), positive relationships are observed with effort improvement (EI) (r = 0.727), important role (IR) (r = 0.786), physical self-concept (P-SC) (r = 0.215) and social self-concept (P-SC) (r = 0.249), negative relationships are obtained with punishment for mistakes (PM)(r = -0.363), unequal recognition (UR) (r = -0.395) member rivalry (r = -0.073) and anxiety (ANX) (r = -0.185)
Continuing with effort improvement (EI), positive relationships are observed with important role (IR) (r = 0.766), physical self-concept (P-SC) (r = 0.219) and social self-concept (S-SC) (r = 0.210), and negative relationships with punishment for mistakes (PM) (r = -0.400), unequal recognition (UR) (r = -0.394), member rivalry (MR) (r = -0.116) and anxiety (ANX) (r = -0.222)
Summary
Motivation is one of the most studied psychological aspects to explain different human behaviours. This concept can be defined as the result of the interaction. Current Psychology values acquire greater importance, while if sport practice is oriented towards the ego climate, extrinsic motivations acquire greater importance (Castro-Sánchez et al, 2018). Another factor that plays a fundamental role is anxiety, which can be defined as a negative psycho-emotional state, where feelings such as worry or nervousness predominate (Gao et al, 2020; Weinberg & Gould, 1996). The study by CastroSánchez et al (2019) found that when a sport begins to be performed in a professional manner, there is an increase in anxiety, due to participants focus on competitiveness, obviating the enjoyment and fun of it
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