Abstract
To improve liquid atomization for pressure atomizer, a spirally grooved hole (SGH) nozzle was designed, which produces swirling flow inside the nozzle hole and thereby promotes the disturbance in liquid jets, enhancing breakup of liquid jets. In this paper, the optical visualization of the cavitating flow inside nozzles and primary breakup behaviors in the near-nozzle field for three scaled-up transparent nozzles, including two SGH nozzles with different spiral angles, and a non-spiral hole (NSH) nozzle, were performed to clarify the effects of the spirally grooved structures on in-nozzle cavitating flow and near-field fuel breakup. The results show that with an identical K-factor, the cavitation was largely restrained in the SGH nozzles, and the discharge coefficients of the SGH nozzles with spiral angles of 63° and 43° were approximately 13% and 25% lower than that of the NSH nozzle, respectively. Moreover, a liquid column was observed for each of the jets, surrounded with scattering droplets. And the SGH nozzle yields 9–10 times higher number density, 9%–10% smaller Sauter mean diameter of the droplets, and 4–7 times wider spreading angle than those of the NSH nozzle. These facts verified that the use of spirally grooved hole enhanced primary breakup of liquid jets.
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