Abstract
The stability of hydrogen-air diffusion flames has been studied at ambient temperature and pressure. Flames of concentric air and fuel jets were investigated with hydrogen injector diameter and lip thickness as primary geometric variables. Regions of stable flame were found for large variations in hydrogen and air flow. Hydrogen-air diffusion flames were found to have a large region of stable operation not shown by hydrocarbons. Residual flames, lifted flames, and seated propagating flames were observed. Injector lip thickness was found to have a profound effect on allowable hydrogen mass velocity and a limiting effect on air mass velocity at blowout. Decreased tube diameter allowed increased air mass velocity at blowout. The stability of seated flames is attributed to the high molecular diffusivity and wide flammability limits of hydrogen, the existence of a lip wake, and the presence of fuel and air boundary layers.
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