An experimental study of fog and cloud computing in CEP-based Real-Time IoT applications

Giovanny Mondragón-Ruiz,Alonso Tenorio-Trigoso,Manuel Castillo-Cara,Carmen Carrión,Blanca Caminero

doi:10.1186/s13677-021-00245-7

Giovanny Mondragón-Ruiz, Alonso Tenorio-Trigoso + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-021-00245-7

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Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) has posed new requirements to the underlying processing architecture, specially for real-time applications, such as event-detection services. Complex Event Processing (CEP) engines provide a powerful tool to implement these services. Fog computing has raised as a solution to support IoT real-time applications, in contrast to the Cloud-based approach. This work is aimed at analysing a CEP-based Fog architecture for real-time IoT applications that uses a publish-subscribe protocol. A testbed has been developed with low-cost and local resources to verify the suitability of CEP-engines to low-cost computing resources. To assess performance we have analysed the effectiveness and cost of the proposal in terms of latency and resource usage, respectively. Results show that the fog computing architecture reduces event-detection latencies up to 35%, while the available computing resources are being used more efficiently, when compared to a Cloud deployment. Performance evaluation also identifies the communication between the CEP-engine and the final users as the most time consuming component of latency. Moreover, the latency analysis concludes that the time required by CEP-engine is related to the compute resources, but is nonlinear dependent of the number of things connected.

Highlights

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are part of people’s daily lives and their growth, in recent years, is increasing
The data processing architecture for IoT systems has moved from a centralized paradigm such as cloud computing to a distributed paradigm known as fog computing, as critical problems must be addressed such as obtaining a scalable, robust, secure and Mondragón-Ruiz et al Journal of Cloud Computing
We can observe that the enhancement of this metric entails improvements in different ones, such as, for example, the reduction of energy consumption [31], improving the Quality of Service (QoS) [32], maximising the Quality of Experience (QoE) [33], among others

Summary

Introduction

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are part of people’s daily lives and their growth, in recent years, is increasing (according to Gartner [1], the total number of connected things will reach 25 billion by 2021, producing immense volume of data). The model known as cloud computing, executor of interconnectivity and execution in IoT, faces new challenges and limits in its expansion process. These limits have been given in recent years due to the development of wireless networks, mobile devices and computer paradigms that have. The key technologies that support the proposal of this paper are briefly introduced, in order to ease its understanding These are fog computing (and related terms), the telemetry protocols and CEP. While mist computing is more commonly agreed to refer to the processing capability that lies within the extreme edge of the network (i.e., the IoT devices themselves) [18], the terms edge and fog computing are not strictly separated layers. The reference architecture outlined by Buyya et al [20] depicts a continuum of resources available from the cloud to the sensors (the things)

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