An experimental study of factors affecting the distribution of yellow perch and central mudminnows along a species richness gradient

Abstract

Effects of environmental factors on the distribution and abundance of yellow perch and central mudminnows in northern Wisconsin were examined by holding populations of these fishes within single-species enclosures in a series of three small forest lakes having a species-richness gradient of one to four species. These enclosures allowed each species to experience environmental conditions within each lake without directly interacting with each other. In the four-species lake, two other sets of enclosures addressed the effects of intra- and interspecific competition. Changes in total biomass of enclosure stocks (from growth and mortality) indicated that in the absence of other species, perch did best in the lake containing the richest fish assemblage, intermediate in the two-species lake, and worst in the mudminnow-only lake. Mudminnow stocks similarly performed significantly better in the four-species lake than the mudminnow-only lake. These results suggest that the lakes' environmental conditions contribute to the patterns of presence and abundance of perch, but that interspecific interactions override a similar contribution for the mudminnow, which is regarded as a fugitive species. Perch performances were also sensitive to fish densities within enclosures, declining significantly when stocks were doubled, either by adding more perch or equal numbers of mudminnows.