An experimental study of a strategy to improve the combustion process of a hydrogen-blended ammonia engine under lean and WOT conditions

Abstract

Ammonia and hydrogen are two carbon-free alternative fuels for engines. Considering that there are few studies on improving an ammonia-hydrogen engine's lean combustion performance, this investigation based on an engine with the Miller cycle employs hydrogen direct injection (HDI) and NH3 port injection and then proposes an adjustment strategy to vary the start of injection (SOI) of HDI for affecting the engine combustion process. When ammonia volume share (AVS) is greater than 50%, the engine shows poor performance. Nevertheless, the stratification effect of hydrogen jets may be used to elevate the hydrogen concentration around spark plug by properly delaying SOI and then creating the locally rich mixture with a high hydrogen share, which prominently promotes the flame kernel formation, shortens CA0-90, reduces CoVPmax, and enables the engine to reach approximately 36% BTE. It is notable that very late SOI can slightly deteriorate the heat release process and lower engine performance.