Abstract
The demand for alternative fuels has risen in recent years due to the economic and environmental consequences of conventional fuels. In addition to engine characteristics, i.e., performance, combustion, and emission the lubricity of the considered fuel is an important parameter for its selection. This experimental study shows the tribological performance of the tire pyrolysis oil by using the four-ball tester. Waste tire pyrolysis oil was purified by using the distillation process. The experiment was conducted over 300 s at 40, 50, 63, and 80 kg load, 1800 rpm constant speed, and 27 °C temperature of all fuels on the ASTM D2266 standard. The tribological performance of the tire pyrolysis oil was compared with the BT10 (biodiesel 90%–tire pyrolysis oil 10%) and BT20 (biodiesel 80%–tire pyrolysis oil 20%) and biodiesel. The optical microscope is used to measure the wear scar diameter and then it is examined through a scanning electron microscope. In terms of greater load-carrying capacity, tire pyrolysis oil shows better anti-wear behaviour compared to biodiesel fuel. The wear scar diameter of BT10, BT20, and tire pyrolysis oil was 23.99%, 8.37%, and 32.62%, respectively, lower than the biodiesel fuel at 80 kg load. The SEM micrographs revealed that tire pyrolysis oil and BT10 displayed lower wear as compared to counterparts. Finally, it is concluded that BT10 is the most suitable fuel in terms of tribological performance.
Highlights
The extinction of fossil fuels, climate change, economic recession, surges in population growth, increasing demand, and declining supply of fuel have highlighted the significance of alternative fuels [1,2]
(2 k×) and (l) tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) distribution (2 k×). This experimental study identifies the tribological performance of the tire-derived pyrolysis oil blended with biodiesel fuel by using a fourball tester
The experiment was conducted over 300 s at 40, 50, 63, and 80 kg load, 1800 rpm constant speed, and 27 ◦C temperature of all fuels on the ASTM D2266 standard
Summary
The extinction of fossil fuels, climate change, economic recession, surges in population growth, increasing demand, and declining supply of fuel have highlighted the significance of alternative fuels [1,2]. Two main forms of alternative renewable fuels are food and waste based. Food-based fuels include sunflower, palm oil, and rapeseed, etc. These could result in global issues like deforestation and food shortages worldwide and received a lot of criticism [3]. Waste-based fuels and microalgae biodiesel are non-food-based fuels and have very potential as an alternative fuel [4]. Waste-based fuels are the most potent alternative fuels that can replace conventional fossil fuels [5]. According to a report by the European Automotive Manufacturers Association (EAMA), there are
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