Abstract
Optimization of fuel injection strategies can maximize the utilization of ternary fuel by addressing the issues concerning fuel consumption, engine performance, and exhaust gas emission. In the midst of the pervasiveness of plant-based biofuel, this paper focused on maximizing the mahua oil biodiesel usage in a diesel engine having a common rail direct injection (CRDI) system without any engine modifications. The crude oil extracted from the seeds of Madhuca longifolia is known in India as mahua butter and has shown impressive fuel properties such as lower viscosity, flashpoint, boiling point, and comparable calorific value to diesel. 1-Pentanol, which has a chain of five carbons and can easily be blended with both diesel and biodiesel, is a promising type of alcohol for the future. In this study, the influence of fuel injection pressure with ternary fuel (diesel + mahua methyl ester + pentanol) on engine characteristics of CRDI diesel engine was analyzed. The fuel injection pressure is varied from 20 to 50 MPa so that ternary fuel can be properly utilized. The high injection pressure of 50 MPa has better combustion characteristics and higher brake thermal efficiency (4.39%) value than other injection pressure values. A better mixture is formed due to well-atomized spray, and as a result, the levels of CO (22.24%), HC (9.49%), and smoke (7.5%) fall with the increase in injection pressure. The usage of ternary fuel raised the NOx emission (12.46%) value and specific fuel consumption (SFC) with a decrease in the BTE (brake thermal efficiency) which attributes to its properties and combustion characteristics.
Highlights
Due to the heavy usage of fuels around the world, fuel energy demand is increasing at a speedy rate
This paper deals with analysis of the influence of fuel injection pressure with ternary fuel on the emission, combustion and performance characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder, common rail direct injection diesel engine working at a constant speed and varying operating scenarios
Venu et al (2016) studied about the impact of ANP in ethanol - biodiesel-diesel ternary blend at different injection timings and found that the combustion of nanoparticles was effectual in delayed injection timing and decreasing the hazardous tailpipe emissions like nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, smoke and hydrocarbons. (Prabu et al 2016) investigated the influence of nano additives blended with jatropha in a diesel engine and reported that the high brake thermal efficiency of 31% and a decreased value of brake specific fuel consumption of 0.293 kg/kWh
Summary
Due to the heavy usage of fuels around the world, fuel energy demand is increasing at a speedy rate. (Soudagar et al 2018) investigated the impact of nanoparticles on performance characteristics of biodiesel blended diesel engine and reported that incorporation of nano additives resulted in an increase in improvement of thermophysical properties, decrease in emissions from engine tailpipe, better stabilization of air-fuel mixture. (El-Seessy et al.2018) studied the impact of nanoparticle additives blended biodiesel to study the performance characteristics of diesel engine on various loading conditions by adding different ANPs (aluminium oxide nanoparticles) concentrations and reported that at full load condition, there was a decrease in various exhaust emissions like hydrocarbons reduced by 80%, nitrogen oxides by 70% and carbon monoxide reduced by 60%. This value is obviously within the acceptable uncertainty range i.e., less than ± 5%
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