Abstract
This paper aims to present the results of a numerical and experimental study of the temperature field, internal forces and the residual stresses in 2 mm thick autogenous welds of AISI 316L stainless steel produced by continuous and pulse current gas tungsten arc welding. A special experimental device was used to measure the temperature and the internal forces due to the welding. The welds were qualified for internal and external weld imperfections according to ISO 15614-1. FEM software ANSYS® Multyphysics™ was applied in order to solve the thermal and mechanical problems. Normal residual stresses were measured by the hole-drilling strain gauge method in the continuous current weld. The peak value of the longitudinal stress was 80 % of the base metal yield stress. The magnitude of the numerically obtained residual stress values was found to be 16 % to 19 % above the measured one in the longitudinal and transverse direction, respectively. The experimental device used in this study allowed for a real time measurement of forces far from the weld seam. On the basis of the correspondence between the calculated and measured forces the numerical results were verified. Therefore, this device might open up new possibilities for determining thermo-mechanical material data.
Highlights
Stainless steel is a desired material for a variety of structural engineering applications
In view of the above, this paper presents a numerical and experimental study of the temperature field, internal forces and the residual stresses in thin plates of 316L subjected to autogenous CC-GTAW and PC-GTAW
As a result from the experimental and numerical study of the forces and residual stresses in 316L stainless steel welds produced under PC-GTAW and CC-GTAW the following conclusions can be drawn
Summary
Stainless steel is a desired material for a variety of structural engineering applications. Austenitic stainless steels, for example 316L, combine excellent mechanical properties, corrosion and heat resistance ranging from cryogenic up to high temperatures. They are used as equipment in chemical plants, power plants, food industry, etc. Continuous current gas tungsten arc welding (CCGTAW) is a key technology used for joining thin plates or thin-wall pipes in equipment manufacturing. It is known for its flexibility, providing a stable concentrated arc and narrow heat-affected zone with minimal distortion of the weld joint. If the thickness of the components to be joined is of up to 3 mm, a filler metal is not required and the process can be applied autogenously, providing an equal chemical composition of the weld metal and the base metal [2, 3]
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