Abstract
India encountered Industrial Revolution partially during its struggle for freedom. The already established culture of compliance was more deeply ingrained in Indian society through colonial rule. But conflicts of caste, religion, and language added layers of complication. The process of state-run industrialisation that began after Independence rested on this social setting. India’s journey on this road began only after Independence. In 1909, Mahatma Gandhi presented an alternative to Western civilisation in his classic work Hind Swaraj. Mahatma Gandhi called it ‘Rural National Education through village handicrafts’ in the foreword of the curriculum of the scheme that Dr Zakir Husain termed ‘Basic National Education’. Displacement of the rural population by making the village, where a majority of Indians live, irrelevant in modern society has led to a situation of crisis. Anand Niketan was a village school founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1938 in the Sevagram ashram premises.
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