An examination of the ImpSS scale as a valid and reliable alternative to the SSS-V in optimum stimulation level research

Abstract

The sensation-seeking paradigm is noted to be important to the study of human behavior across a variety of domains (Joireman & Kuhlman, 2004). Of the several measures employed to assess this trait, the most popular is Zuckerman’s (1979) Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V (SSS-V). Despite its wide application, however, recent criticisms have been levied against the psychometrics of the SSS-V. As part of a psychobiological model of personality, the sensation-seeking and impulsivity traits combine to form an Impulsive Sensation Seeking (ImpSS) factor (Zuckerman et al., 1993). Even with this re-conceptualization of sensation seeking, the literature suggests that the 40-item SSS-V is the most widely used assessment of the trait. Building on previous research, the validity and reliability of ImpSS is evaluated and compared to the more established SSS-V and a third OSL measure, the Change Seeking Index (CSI: Steenkamp & Baumgartner, 1995) in both homogeneous ( n = 201) and heterogeneous ( n = 256) samples. Findings indicate ImpSS to be a valid and reliable alternative to SSS-V. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results point to concurrent validity of ImpSS and SSS-V. In addition, the predictive validity of ImpSS compares favorably to SSS-V and CSI in the context of high-risk behavioral correlates (gambling, smoking, and drinking).