Abstract
Trafficking in Human Beings (THB) is a heinous crime that is committed against human (person) with intent to exploit. There are several constituent elements that are integral parts that make the act of trafficking a crime. These include, among others, the inhuman nature of transportation, the enslavement and the exploitation associated with the practices. This paper examines the specific elements of transportation, enslavement and exploitation in THB. Choice of these elements for discourse is occasioned by the crucial roles they play in the crime of THB, and the fact that they combine with other elements to provide the physical and mental elements that make the conduct a crime under international and Nigeria municipal laws. For a critical analysis of these three key elements, several and relevant materials were consulted, including the two main national statutes on TBH (Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act. (2015) and Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Enforcement and Administration Act (TIPPEAA) 2015), and the UN Convention, protocols and policies against human trafficking. From the critical examination and the analysis, it was established that the three key elements still remain critical to the sustainability of THB in Nigeria and globally. Therefore, suggestions and recommendations are proffered to focus on dismantling these strongholds to reduce the prevalence of Trafficking in human beings at all levels.
Highlights
Trafficking in human beings (THB) is a brazen affront to humanity
This paper examines the specific elements of transportation, enslavement and exploitation in Trafficking in Human Beings (THB)
THB is a process of enslaving people involving, among other elements, transporting people into situations of exploitation
Summary
Trafficking in human beings (THB) is a brazen affront to humanity It disempowers victims and places significant strain on state resources when a) seeking, adopting and implementing countermeasures; and b) providing assistance to victims as observed by Abdulraheem & Oladipo (2010) and Cockell (2000). Despite its pervasiveness, it goes largely unnoticed, especially in the case of children because of the surreptitiousness with which it is practiced. In the context of this paper THB is examined from the perspective of criminal justice, the criminal elements of transportation, enslavement and exploitation under international and Nigeria anti-THB laws. Recommendations are made in part five while part seven concludes the paper
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