An Examination of Snow Albedo Estimates From MODIS and Their Impact on Snow Water Equivalent Reconstruction

Abstract

AbstractSnow albedo is a dominant control on snowmelt in many parts of the world. An empirical albedo decay equation, developed over 60 years ago, is still used in snowmelt models. Several empirical snow albedo models developed since show wide spread in results. Remotely sensed snow albedos have been used in a few studies, but validations are scarce because of the difficulty in making accurate in situ measurements. Reconstruction of snow water equivalent (SWE), where the snowpack is built in reverse, is especially sensitive to albedo. We present two new contributions: (1) an updated albedo model where grain size and light absorbing particle content are solved for simultaneously and (2) multiyear comparisons of remotely sensed and in situ albedo measurements from three high‐altitude sites in the western United States. Our remotely sensed albedos show 4 to 6% RMSE and negligible bias. In comparison, empirical albedo decay models, which require extensive in situ measurements, show RMSE values of 7 to 17% with biases of −6 to −14%. We examine the sensitivity of SWE reconstructions to albedo error at two sites. With no simulated error in albedo, reconstructed SWE had MAE values of 7 to 13% and 5–6% bias. The accuracy actually improved with some simulated added error, likely because of a fundamental bias in the reconstruction approach. Conversely, the best age‐based decay model showed an 18–20% MAE and bias in reconstructed SWE. We conclude that remotely sensed albedos where available are superior to age‐based approaches in all aspects except simplicity.