An Examination of Positive and Negative Reciprocity Norms as to Serious Leisure Activities and Demographic Variables

Abstract

Research conducted on positive and negative reciprocities mainly aims to determine the variables that impact this phenomenon. To this end, this study sought to ascertain the influence of participation in trekking and kickboxing as serious leisure activities along with several other variables on the positive and negative reciprocity attitudes. The study utilized a descriptive survey design and a random sampling method. The findings revealed a significant difference between the choice of serious leisure activities and demographic variables such as gender, age, and education level. Additionally, the mean scores of positive reciprocity attitudes increased proportionately to age and education level. Furthermore, the mean scores of positive reciprocity attitudes of the trekking participants were significantly higher than those of kickboxing participants.Keywords: Serious Leisure Activities, Positive and Negative Reciprocity, Kickboxing, Trekking