Abstract
There exists a strong relationship between having a criminal history and experiencing barriers to employment. Negative credentials facilitate the social and economic exclusion of individuals with criminal records. However, previous research has not concretely identified whether the stratification of economic opportunities by individual-level criminal records may be further affecting those who demonstrate substance use histories. In this study, we examine the substance use and criminal history profiles of probationers participating in an experimental drug treatment study and how probationer characteristics affect employment outcomes and gross earnings at both the 6- and 12-month follow-up periods. We hypothesize that substance use and criminal history have a main effect and interactional relationship that reduces the odds of self-reporting employment and decreases gross earnings outcomes of probationer. Our results demonstrate that substance use history and criminal history has a main effect on employment and earnings outcomes.
Highlights
We examine post-treatment employment and gross earnings outcomes of probationers participating in the Maricopa County (Arizona), First Time Drug Offender (FTDO), experimental drug court program that was tested between 1992 and 1994 (Deschenes, Turner, & Greenwood, 1996)
Persistent drug users compared with non-drug users were found to have an increased likelihood of being employed part-time versus full-time. These findings on the relationship between drug use and employment are even further exacerbated by criminal records as demonstrated by Sung and Chu (2011) who found that offenders who participated in substance use treatment interventions experienced treatment schedules that conflicted with work schedules, making employment difficult during the treatment process
Our study seeks to understand the main effects of substance use and criminal history on post-treatment employment and income outcomes among probationers participating in the Maricopa County, Arizona, Experimental Drug Treatment Study at the 6- and 12-month follow-up periods (Deschenes & Greenwood, 1994)
Summary
We examine post-treatment employment and gross earnings outcomes of probationers participating in the Maricopa County (Arizona), First Time Drug Offender (FTDO), experimental drug court program that was tested between 1992 and 1994 (Deschenes, Turner, & Greenwood, 1996). We will be statistically analyzing the main effects and interaction effects of criminal record and substance use history indicators among probationers on their post-treatment employment and gross earnings outcomes at the 6- and 12-month follow-up periods. Persistent drug users compared with non-drug users were found to have an increased likelihood of being employed part-time versus full-time These findings on the relationship between drug use and employment are even further exacerbated by criminal records as demonstrated by Sung and Chu (2011) who found that offenders who participated in substance use treatment interventions experienced treatment schedules that conflicted with work schedules, making employment difficult during the treatment process. The moderator hypothesis states that offenders with a substance use history will have a strengthened relationship between their criminal history and decreased odds of employment and earnings outcomes
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