Abstract
Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) are a popular method to fit marginal models to clustered data. When the cluster size, i.e. the total number of members in the cluster, is informative then inference may be for the population of typical cluster members (i.e. inference for a typical member of a typical cluster) or the population of all cluster members. Applying the GEE with independence working correlation provides inference for the population of all members, and with additional weighting by the inverse cluster size gives inference for the population of typical members. In an earlier volume an adaptation of GEE termed modified within-cluster resampling (MWCR) was proposed to give unbiased inference for the population of typical members with increased efficiency by recognising the correlation between measurements. We describe how bias can arise when MWCR is used. This potential for bias was not clear when the method was proposed. We present conditions, concerning the data structure and the choice of the working correlation, which if satisfied will allow consistent estimation from MWCR. We illustrate Statistica Sinica: Preprint doi:10.5705/ss.2011.252
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