Abstract
Charge-spin separation and pairing fluctuations and pseudogaps are studied using the analytical eigenvalues of the four-site Hubbard Nanoclusters with the grand canonical and canonical ensemble approaches in a multidimensional parameter space of temperature (T), magnetic field (h), on-site interaction (U), chemical potential (μ), and number of electrons (N). The electron charge energy gap, with one hole off half filling, corresponds to an excitonic particle–hole pair binding energy Δe-h > 0 at U > Uc and vanishes at a critical parameter Uc = 4.584. For U 0. In addition, for U ⩽ Uc we find an electron pair binding instability at finite temperature near N ≈ 3, which manifests a possible pairing mechanism, a precursor to superconductivity, in small clusters. The resulting phase diagram, consisting of charge and spin pseudogaps, hole pairing near 1/8th filling with hole-rich and hole-poor regions in the ensemble of Nanoclusters, closely resembles the phase diagrams in the family of doped high-Tc-cuprates.
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