An Exact and Comparative Analysis of MHD Free Convection Flow of Water-Based Nanoparticles via CF Derivative

Abstract

Convective flow is a self-sustained flow with the effect of the temperature gradient. The density is nonuniform due to the variation in temperature. The effect of the magnetic flux plays a major role in convective flow. The process of heat transfer is accompanied by a mass transfer process, for instance, condensation, evaporation, and chemical process. Combination of water as base fluid and three types of nanoparticles named as copper, titanium dioxide, and aluminum oxide is taken into account. Due to the applications of the heat and mass transfer combined effects in different fields, the main aim of this paper is to do a comprehensive analysis of heat and mass transfer of MHD natural convection flow of water-based nano-particles in the presence of ramped conditions with Caputo–Fabrizio fractional time derivative. The exact fractional solutions of temperature, concentration, and velocity have been investigated by means of integral transform. The classical calculus is assumed as the instant rate of change of the output when the input level changes. Therefore, it is not able to include the previous state of the system called the memory effect. But, in the fractional calculus (FC), the rate of change is affected by all points of the considered interval to incorporate the previous history/memory effects of any system. Due to this reason, we applied the modern definition of fractional derivative. Here, the order of the fractional derivatives will be treated as an index of memory. The influence of physical parameters and flow is analyzed graphically via computational software (MATHCAD-15). Our results suggest that the incremental value of the M is observed for a decrease in the velocity field, which reflects to control resistive force.