Abstract
This paper focuses on the sustainable development dilemma of agricultural production in China under the pattern of intensive management, which is seriously challenged by agricultural non-point source pollution. The key to effectively break through the dilemma is to promote the co-governance of agricultural non-point source pollution control by stakeholders including local governments, new agricultural operators and traditional farmers. Accordingly, this paper discusses the interactive decision-making relationships between new agricultural operators and traditional farmers under the guidance of local governments, by constructing a trilateral evolutionary game model, as well as analyzing evolutionary cooperative stability strategies and realizing the simulation of evolution processes in different scenarios by MATLAB. The results show that new agricultural operators play a leading role in agricultural non-point source pollution control, whose strategies have effects such as technology spillover. The rewards from the superior government will support local governments in taking proactive action in the co-governance of agricultural non-point source pollution control, and then local governments can offer technical support and subsidies to new agricultural operators and traditional farmers for reducing their costs. Furthermore, this paper also finds that there are green synergy effects among the groups, where the variations of parameters and strategies by one group would affect the two others. Additionally, agricultural land operation rights transfers would cause traditional farmers to take more time to cooperate in the co-governance of agricultural non-point source pollution control. In order to promote the multi-agent co-governance of agricultural non-point source pollution control under intensive management pattern, this paper suggests that it should be necessary to reduce their costs and improve incentives, as well as to increase the common interests among groups and enhance their green synergy effects.
Highlights
The intensive management pattern in China is gradually developing under the guidance of land operation rights reformation policies, due to the fact that new agricultural operators represented by major professional households, family farms, farmer cooperatives and leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization have been emerging, and the land transferring area has accounted for 35% of the total land contracted by households since 2017 [1]
An agricultural non-point source pollution control system composed of local governments, new agricultural operators and traditional farmers will eventually evolve into a collaborative state; that is, an asymptotically stable point E8 (1,1,1) will be achieved
The rewards provided from superior government to the local governments, and new agricultural operators and traditional farmers obtained from local governments could be an incentive for them to cooperate in the co-governance of agricultural non-point source pollution control, which is supported by previous research (Zuo et al [27]; Zhang et al [37])
Summary
The intensive management pattern in China is gradually developing under the guidance of land operation rights reformation policies, due to the fact that new agricultural operators represented by major professional households, family farms, farmer cooperatives and leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization have been emerging, and the land transferring area has accounted for 35% of the total land contracted by households since 2017 [1]. This paper is premised on the construction of a trilateral evolutionary game model of multi-agent co-governance in agricultural non-point source pollution control by stakeholders including local governments, new agricultural operators and traditional farmers. This is mainly attributed to the point that evolutionary game theory focuses on behavioral decisions among bounded rationality groups by adopting differential equations or partial differential equations, which could analyze the dynamic processes and stability of their decision-making evolutions. To deal with the above, this paper constructed a trilateral evolutionary game model of multi-agent co-governance in agricultural non-point source pollution control by local governments, new agricultural operators and traditional farmers. (3) We conduct a numerical simulation in different scenarios to propose how the multi-agent co-governance model of agricultural non-point source pollution control will eventually evolve into an asymptotically stable state
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