Abstract
Although many believe that women's low representation among top executives and lower average income is primarily a result of socialization and discrimination, findings of psychology, biology, and anthropology suggest that evolutionarily derived temperamental sex differences exist that may explain much of these disparities. Stereotypes of men as more competitive and more inclined to take risks than women, and stereotypes of women as more attached to their children and more risk averse than men are true as generalizations. Traits for which average sex differences exist, such as aggressiveness, desire for status, and risk preference, are highly correlated with workplace outcomes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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