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Abstract
Metastasis suppressor genes (MS genes) are genes that play important roles in inhibiting the process of cancer metastasis without preventing growth of the primary tumor. Identification of these genes and understanding their functions are critical for investigation of cancer metastasis. Recent studies on cancer metastasis have identified many new susceptibility MS genes. However, the comprehensive illustration of diverse cellular processes regulated by metastasis suppressors during the metastasis cascade is lacking. Thus, the relationship between MS genes and cancer risk is still unclear. To unveil the cellular complexity of MS genes, we have constructed MSGene (http://MSGene.bioinfo-minzhao.org/), the first literature-based gene resource for exploring human MS genes. In total, we manually curated 194 experimentally verified MS genes and mapped to 1448 homologous genes from 17 model species. Follow-up functional analyses associated 194 human MS genes with epithelium/tissue morphogenesis and epithelia cell proliferation. In addition, pathway analysis highlights the prominent role of MS genes in activation of platelets and coagulation system in tumor metastatic cascade. Moreover, global mutation pattern of MS genes across multiple cancers may reveal common cancer metastasis mechanisms. All these results illustrate the importance of MSGene to our understanding on cell development and cancer metastasis.
Highlights
Metastasis suppressor genes (MS genes) are genes that play important roles in inhibiting the process of cancer metastasis without preventing growth of the primary tumor
To keep pace with the growing demand for cancer genomics data integration, we provide quick access to MSGene with comprehensive functional annotations, such as COSMIC14, gene expressions from hundreds of tumors and normal samples from BioGPS (Gene Portal System)[15] and methylation from DiseaseMeth database[16]
The extensive literature evidence associated with MS genes are complied and highlighted with keywords related to MS gene or diseases in “Literature” view (Fig. 1C)
Summary
Metastasis suppressor genes (MS genes) are genes that play important roles in inhibiting the process of cancer metastasis without preventing growth of the primary tumor. The global functional view and the consistency for all the MS genes are not established across tumor types steady accumulation of small-scale studies about MS genes To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive evidence collection from PubMed abstracts. Our manual curation of the collected literature resulted a total of 194 human MS genes (161 protein-coding and 33 microRNA genes), and 1488 homologous genes from 17 model species These curated MS genes are stored in the MSGene database (http://MSGene.bioinfo-minzhao.org/). These integrated MS genes with large-scale experimental evidence in various cancer types could provide a landscape of MS genes for genome-wide high-throughput screens. The online interface with user-friendly browser and query is implemented for MSGene
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