An Event-Based Resource Management Framework for Distributed Decision-Making in Decentralized Virtual Power Plants

Jianchao Zhang,Tek Lie,Boon-Chong Seet

doi:10.3390/en9080595

Abstract

The Smart Grid incorporates advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) in power systems, and is characterized by high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). Whether it is the nation-wide power grid or a single residential building, the energy management involves different types of resources that often depend on and influence each other. The concept of virtual power plant (VPP) has been proposed to represent the aggregation of energy resources in the electricity market, and distributed decision-making (DDM) plays a vital role in VPP due to its complex nature. This paper proposes a framework for managing different resource types of relevance to energy management for decentralized VPP. The framework views VPP as a hierarchical structure and abstracts energy consumption/generation as contractual resources, i.e., contractual offerings to curtail load/supply energy, from third party VPP participants for DDM. The proposed resource models, event-based approach to decision making, multi-agent system and ontology implementation of the framework are presented in detail. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is then demonstrated through an application to a simulated campus VPP with real building energy data.

Highlights

The Smart Grid refers to the next-generation electrical power grid, which aims to achieve smarter energy usage and integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) by harnessing advancedInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to provide an intelligent bi-directional network for both electricity and information delivery
This paper proposes a framework for resource management in virtual power plant (VPP), which has been described as event-based because it utilizes the concepts of events and corresponding event processing derived as event‐based because it utilizes the concepts of events and corresponding event processing derived from the resource classification and modeling to be introduced below
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Summary

Introduction

The Smart Grid refers to the next-generation electrical power grid, which aims to achieve smarter energy usage and integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) by harnessing advancedInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to provide an intelligent bi-directional network for both electricity and information delivery. The Smart Grid refers to the next-generation electrical power grid, which aims to achieve smarter energy usage and integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) by harnessing advanced. In the Smart Grid, a large number of different devices, such as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), sensors, actuators, and energy sources distributed throughout the electricity system will be interconnected and communicating over an information network for metering, monitoring, control and protection. Smart Grid is sometimes referred to as the Internet of Energy, and it enables electricity consumers to become active players in the power system by feeding customer-side generated energy back into the main grid or participating in demand response programs. The virtual power plant (VPP) is a concept for aggregating DERs and controllable loads, and presenting them to the main grid as a single energy trader [3]. The VPP can be centralized or Energies 2016, 9, 595; doi:10.3390/en9080595 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies

Results

Discussion

Conclusion