Abstract
In this study, a recently developed x-ray diffraction method is shown to be capable of detecting thermally-induced white layers formed during hard turning, as well the identification of grinding-induced rehardening and tempering. The x-ray method is evaluated against established industry methods for detecting thermally-induced machining defects, Barkhausen noise testing and nital etching. Detection using x-ray is facilitated by a sensitivity to fundamental properties of these surface integrity features, lattice strain and grain size, rather than a secondary property such as residual stress. X-ray inspection offers quantitative results unlike, nital etching, but does not achieve full part coverage in one step.
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