Abstract
Energy loss straggling was found to be critical in evaluating the energy reaction using heavy-ion beams during the early stage of experiments at accelerator facilities. Despite a significant attempt in simulating this quantity using computer codes such as LISE++ and SRIM, there still exists a discrepancy between experimental data and computed results. In this study, we provide a greatly improved precision of estimations using the LISE++ code by evaluating the energy loss straggling of the alpha particles at 5.486 MeV in Tb, Ta, and Au materials. After comparing with the observables, it was found that the ratio of the energy loss straggling computed by the LISE++ code to that measured in experiments has a fairly large range of 1.5 - 3.0. For this reason, the so-called modified LISE++ calculation is constructed by adding the adjusting parameters into the original estimation to minimize the uncertainty of the straggling prediction. The modified calculation has shown dramatic improvements in computed energy loss straggling, which are almost similar to those obtained in the measurements, of 5.486-MeV alphas in the aforementioned materials with the atomic numbers in a range of Z = 65 – 79.
Highlights
In nuclear experiments using radioactive-ion (RI) beams for studies of low-energy reactions, the energy loss and energy loss straggling of the beams in the beam-line materials play a crucial role in the precision of the measured parameters such as the reaction energy, the cross section, and so on
The fractional energy loss estimated by the LISE++ code is approximately 5% deviated from the experimental data, which strongly recommends using this code for calculating the energy loss
There is a large difference between the experimental energy loss straggling and those estimated by the computer code
Summary
In nuclear experiments using radioactive-ion (RI) beams for studies of low-energy reactions, the energy loss and energy loss straggling of the beams in the beam-line materials play a crucial role in the precision of the measured parameters such as the reaction energy, the cross section, and so on. The average exciting potential and the density correction of absorbers impact on the precision of the straggling estimated by the formula proposed by Bethe-Bloch 10 This leads to improvements in the models and semi-empirical formulae such as the works conducted by Bohr 11,12 , Lindhard and Scharff 13, Bethe and Livingston 14, Yang et al 15, and Titeica 16. We modified the LISE++ estimations to provide major improvements in the accuracy of such calculations
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