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Abstract
Offshore software development outsourcing (OSDO) is a modern business strategy for producing high-quality software at a low cost. The OSDO refers to the practice of contracting to an offshore (extrinsic) organization to perform some or all software development work of a product. For the benefit of the OSDO vendors, this paper aims to develop a “communication and coordination challenges mitigation model” (CCCMM) that provides solutions for unambiguously defined communication and coordination processes in global software development (GSD) environment. Our proposed model is based on the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making (FMADM) approach incorporating the capability of group decision-making. The FMADM approach is used both in the ranking of survey and assessment of case studies. First, the authors undertook a systematic literature review (SLR) that identified all cited challenges from a set of 101 articles. We identified 18 problem areas faced by the GSD vendors in OSDO relationships. Of these, six were ranked as critical. For the purpose of identifying corrective interventions, a second SLR was conducted that revealed 75 remedial measures extracted from 63 chosen articles. To validate our SLR findings, we surveyed 42 outsourcing experts from six countries. We also categorized six critical challenges and 75 corrective practices into four mitigation levels based on CMMI, SOVRM, and SOPM. In addition, two case studies were conducted to evaluate CCCMM outcomes in OSDO companies. The assessment results of the first case study do not recommend Company-A for the successful implementation of level-2 of the CCCMM, so Company-A stands at level-1. We have observed from the second case study that Company-B has implemented all the critical challenges of the level-2 only; therefore, Company-B is at level-2 “success” of the proposed assessment model.
Highlights
Globalization affects business models for companies that develop an international market and seek the competitiveThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Hailong Sun.advantages of reduced costs and increasing productivity
Advantages of reduced costs and increasing productivity. Many such companies are engaged in software development and are no strangers to the adaptive measures of developing software by using software development teams that are remotely scattered around the globe, a process known as Global Software Development (GSD) [1]–[3]
COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION CHALLENGES/PRACTICES DETERMINING METHODS AND FRAMEWORK This study developed a Communication and Coordination Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM) for software outsourcing organization evaluation based on the structure of CMMI and fuzzy multi-attribute-decision making (FMADM) approach [43], [44] taking various critical communication and coordination challenges as main, while its implementation practices as sub-criteria
Summary
Definitions and building blocks for utility software as well as operating and computers systems have completely changed and a large number of state-ofthe-art tools and technologies are abundantly available, especially as software development accelerates and floods the market with innumerable applications. Under these circumstances, traditional approaches to software development fail to meet requirements of contemporary trends in the IT industry. GSD typically involves stakeholders in different time zones and locations who hail from different national and organizational cultures that may even utilize different technologies in their collaborations These temporal, geographical and socio-cultural departures can present significant communication, coordination and control challenges that need to be addressed to better realize the benefits of GSD [15]. Verner et al [11] conducted a tertiary study and found numerous challenges which included the following: engineering issues, coordination of risk control measures, software component integration, cultural differences, issues involving the selection of an appropriate vendor, communication and collaboration, planning, software development processing, configuration management, training and architectural design
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