Abstract
Bilingualism has special designation in learning of language especially in countries where English is second or third language. Bilingualism sketches the concept of a speaker that either mixes or switches two or different codes while making an utterance. In that perspective, the present study is designed as an ethnographic research to validate the notion of bilingual action of speech turning in Pakistan. This case study of nine year old child named Alia has been conducted to formulate the situation of bilingualism in multilingual society of Pakistan. In that regard the researcher recorded the dialogues of a child while taking part in different roles. The speech of the child was later analyzed to investigate the influence of bilingualism on it. The two languages were focused Urdu and English with the little extent of Punjabi code. Various reasons were researched for finding out the basic factors that led to switch or mix codes within an utterance. The parents of a child Alia were also interviewed that led to find specific factors of their child to code switch and mixes. The factors include bilingual environment, partners, mother tongue, social interactions and medium of education in school.
Highlights
Bilingualism has special designation in learning of language especially in countries where English is second or third language
The present study is designed as an ethnographic research to validate the notion of bilingual action of speech turning in Pakistan
This case study of nine year old child named Alia has been conducted to formulate the situation of bilingualism in multilingual society of Pakistan
Summary
This type of sentences can often be heard in Urdu with code mixing in a single utterance. In countries like Pakistan, the usually English language words are taken for code switching or borrowing because English is the official language of Pakistan and according to Rehman (2011) a status symbol. The usage of this mixed language shows the bilingualism of the country or community. According to Wardaugh’s (1986) findings, a language that speaker opts at point to speak is the code, whereas, the system refers to point of sharing codes in form of communication between two people in situation This adds further about bilingual speakers take a stance of one code in speaking and takes an opportunity to switch or mixes the code with other. The present paper focuses on investigating and knowing the practicality of switching English Code firstly; secondly the needs of today’s world to switch English Code; and the contexts and reasons which lead the young Pakistani learners to switch the English Code in their speech
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