An ethical assessment of the use of old and new methods to study sociality in wild animals

Abstract

Abstract The use of novel tools and technologies is transforming our approaches to study wild animal behaviour. Yet, from disturbance of natural habitats through field experiments to tagging, there is much ground for researchers to provide clear ethical assessment of their research practices and how they can affect wild animals. In this perspective, I review the current trends in field animal behaviour research, with a focus on studies on sociality, and investigate the forms under which such practices can impact animals. I focus particularly on the notions of disturbance and invasiveness. I build a parallel with the legal classifications in terms of degrees of severity found in the Swiss law and aimed at protecting animal well‐being, inspired by the principles of the 3R (Replace, Refine, Reduce) used in invasive animal research. I highlight how the impact of research can be assessed and monitored, particularly through behavioural and physiological means, identifying areas where such monitoring is critical, but also acknowledging the theoretical and practical limitations to such tools. I hope to trigger discussions on an ethical use of new tools and technologies, which can both inspire new research while limiting the disturbance to wild animals.