Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) monitoring has significant importance in the treatment of hypertension and different cardiovascular health diseases. As photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals can be recorded non-invasively, research has been highly conducted to measure BP using PPG recently. In this paper, we propose a U-net deep learning architecture that uses fingertip PPG signal as input to estimate arterial BP (ABP) waveform non-invasively. From this waveform, we have also measured systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The proposed method was evaluated on a subset of 100 subjects from two publicly available databases: MIMIC and MIMIC-III. The predicted ABP waveforms correlated highly with the reference waveforms and we have obtained an average Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.993. The mean absolute error is 3.68 ± 4.42 mmHg for SBP, 1.97 ± 2.92 mmHg for DBP, and 2.17 ± 3.06 mmHg for MAP which satisfy the requirements of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standard and obtain grade A according to the British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard. The results show that the proposed method is an efficient process to estimate ABP waveform directly using fingertip PPG.
Highlights
Blood pressure (BP) monitoring and management in the normal range is vital to a healthy life
The mean absolute error is 3.68 ± 4.42 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP), 1.97 ± 2.92 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP), and 2.17 ± 3.06 mmHg for mean arterial pressure (MAP) which satisfy the requirements of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standard and obtain grade A
Our research proposed a U-net deep neural networkbased continuous and non-invasive arterial BP (ABP) waveform estimation method to detect possible hypertension-based bodily issues at early stages to consider necessary diagnosis steps
Summary
Blood pressure (BP) monitoring and management in the normal range is vital to a healthy life. Fluctuation in BP has a strong correlation with several organ injuries in the case of hypertension [1]. Hypertension is identified as one of the major risk factors for ischemic heart disease. According to the World Heart Federation, about 50 percent of ischemic strokes are caused by hypertension [2]. It increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, heart failure, heart attack, and chronic kidney disease [2,3]. In the last 15 years, these diseases have remained the leading causes of death globally [4]. Appropriate control of BP is the basis of both primary and secondary ischemic heart disease prevention [5]
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