An esat6 knockout mutant of Mycobacterium bovis produced by homologous recombination will contribute to the development of a live tuberculosis vaccine

Abstract

Setting: Strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are being rationally attenuated in order to develop better tuberculosis vaccines than BCG, and it would be helpful if new vaccines lacked an immunogenic protein which could be used as a skin test reagent for determining infection status.Objective: To delete theesat6 gene from a virulent Mycobacterium bovis strain and determine (i) whether this mutant sensitizes guinea pigs to a skin test based on ESAT6 and (ii) what effect this has on the virulence of M. bovis.Design: An homologous recombination technique was used to produce an esat6 knockout mutant of a virulent strain of M. bovis. Guinea pigs were inoculated with either the mutant or parent strain and their reactivity in intradermal skin tests was determined to bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) and recombinant ESAT6 protein.Results: Production of an esat6 knockout strain was demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. Guinea pigs inoculated with either the esat6 knockout strain or its virulent parent had positive skin test reactions to PPD but only animal inoculated with the parent strain had positive skin test reactions to ESAT6. Gross pathology, histopathology and mycobacterial culture of tissues indicated that the knockout strain was less virulent than its parent.Conclusion: If an effective live tuberculosis vaccine can be produced by inactivation of virulence genes in M. bovis, then prior or subsequent knockout of the esat6 gene could contribute to the loss of virulence and enable the development of a test to distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals.