Abstract
ABSTRACT Research has consistently found relationships between physical punishment in childhood and mental healthy problems throughout the life course, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, alcoholism, substance abuse, and suicidal tendency. In this paper, we apply Eriksonian theory to examine the mechanisms whereby physical punishment may have its impacts. We explore development from birth to adolescence, considering the psychosocial crisis faced in each stage and the role physical punishment may play in disrupting their successful resolution. We integrate research findings to provide an empirical foundation for our arguments.
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