Abstract
In order to solve the surface-shadowing problems that take place in the scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough or period surfaces, an equivalent field principle for plane waves scattering from plane surfaces is given in this paper. Supported by this principle, the reciprocity theorem, and the boundary conditions that relate the scattering field to the incident field through the Fresnel coefficient, a multiple Kirchhoff integral method for metal blazed gratings is developed. Under the conditions of Littrow mounting or fixed angular deviation mounting, illuminated by plane waves, the −1 order's and/or the total efficiencies of perfectly conducting or UV aluminum blazed gratings are calculated and the stability and the self-consistency of this method are discussed. Under near-Littrow mounting (the fixed angular deviation mounting but where the angular deviation is very small) conditions, the calculations are compared with the experimental results.
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